Fastening the cable to the wall is made in different ways: clamps, staples, etc. The choice of the appropriate option is made taking into account the intended purpose of the room, the operating conditions. The type of material of which the wall is built is also taken into consideration. Different fasteners are designed to fix cables that have different characteristics (with insulation, without a box, multicore, etc.).
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Methods of fixing to walls of different materials
It is a mistake to think that you can fix the wiring on any flat surface. Bearing structures and partitions are erected from materials with different properties:
- thin, soft;
- dense;
- hard.
Soft surfaces are wall surfaces made of porous materials (foam or aerated concrete). This group also includes gypsum board, plastic, fiberboard. These materials are able to withstand moderate loads, deformed under the influence of strong pressure. To prevent the destruction of the entire structure, you should choose methods of fixing the cable to the wall, based on the use of fasteners that have an expanded middle / end part. These can be dowels of different types.
The group of dense materials includes chipboard, wood, plaster. Surfaces covered with plaster are also durable. The top layer of the material has a dense structure. If the question of how to fix the cable on such a wall is being decided, consider 2 options: nails, self-tapping screws.
The first of them is less reliable. Such fasteners can do without, if it is used as a temporary measure or this section will not be exploited in the future. Because of the mobility, the strength of the nail in the wall is reduced. To fix the self-tapping screws, make holes of smaller diameter beforehand. However, this measure is used only if the fastener is installed with difficulty.
Hard materials: concrete, brick. On such walls, dowels are attached, and then already holders on screws (staples, clamps, ties, etc.). When you want to install a cable on a brick, concrete wall, the diameter of the hole must match the size of the dowel. In other cases, the difference should be 1 mm.
Cable in a corrugated tube, pipe, or conduit
If an open wiring is performed, this method is preferred. This is due to the fact that the wires are hidden in a corrugated tube or pipe, a special channel made in the form of a box. Thanks to the use of a closed design increases the safety of cable operation. However, this method is much less commonly used for laying large bundles of wire.
Cable Channels .
The existing varieties are made of:
- galvanized steel;
- plastic;
- aluminum.
Cable-channel can be made in the form of a box of rectangular section, the outer surface of some products has a radius. These varieties are often installed along the wall: on the floor or instead of the plinth. Other types of cable ducts:
- trunking;
- parapet.
The first of the variants is designed for laying wires over substantial distances. Such boxes are distinguished by their larger dimensions. Parapet analogs are installed in offices in order to protect them from damage. They have a flattened shape, so that such boxes are less likely to get caught when moving. To install the cable duct use dowels and self-tapping screws, and also liquid nails.
Fastening with clips
This method is often used for open wiring. It is designed to fasten the cable quickly. Wires are fixed with clips with a small pitch. Such fasteners are installed more often on the wall than on the ceiling, because. Some varieties are characterized by an open design. Wires will not be held in them. Fasteners of this type are in the form of shackles, closed or open circuit, installed with nails, self-tapping screws.
Clips are selected by type of material: metal, plastic. There are holes on the shackles, thanks to which the fasteners are fixed to the wall. In this case, dowel clips or a variant with a hole for a nail are used. Such elements are most suitable for the installation of bundles of wires.
There is also a variant of fixing this product with the help of adhesive one-sided tape. Fixing the wire to the wall in this case does not require drilling the surface. The variety of clips is selected taking into account the type of base material.
Open wires
Fastening of the cable is carried out with a certain pitch. The wiring remains open. In comparison, if the cable is laid in a hole, you can completely hide it. However, it is much easier to maintain the exposed wire. In this case, use split and non-split fastening elements. If it is planned to increase the number of cores, the first type is used.
Metal clamp
Such fasteners for cable can have 1 or 2 ears. It is fixed on the wall with nails, self-tapping screws. This type of product is used when laying cable in a metal sleeve. Supports heavy wires. The staple is selected based on the diameter of the metal sleeve.
Dowel tie
If you are interested in the question of how to fasten the cable, using such products, you should know that first the dowel is inserted into the wall. It is equipped with a special lock on a flexible plastic strip. Split and non-split fasteners can be used for mounting. The disadvantage of this method is the lack of rigid fixation of the structure, because. the dowel simply connects to the flexible tape.
Ties with pad
This option is externally similar to the previously considered analogue. However, in this case, the dowel has a pad, so that such an element is firmly fixed in the wall. If you use a flexible cable tie with a hole for a self-drilling screw, you do not need to use a dowel separately. This method involves the need to install self-tapping screws with a certain pitch.
Dowel clamp .
Outwardly resembles a dowel and a clamp at the same time. For fixation in the wall, there are notches located on the ends of the fastening element. First, the cable is tied, and you can attach the wire to the wall by laying a kind of dowel in the pre-made hole. Holds the product thanks to notches - they do not allow the clamp to slip out.
Dowel-type bases
Externally resemble a dowel and self-drilling screw, have a hole to install a plastic coupler. Flexible elements are purchased separately. First a hole is made in the wall. Then the fixing element is installed, and the head with the hole must be placed on the surface of the wall. In the last step, the cable is fastened using a removable coupler.
Insulators
This fastening option is used when laying cables in a wooden house. It is also sometimes used as a decoration. First, an insulator (a ceramic barrel with a hole for a nail or screw in the center) is installed on the wall surface. Then a twisted wire is stretched between such elements.
Homemade fasteners
If the cable is laid in hidden areas, you can use self-made elements: they are created with self-tapping screws and dowels, and old wiring or metal flexible plates are used as a platform for fixing wires. After the fasteners are installed, tying is performed. In this case, the loose ends of the flexible pad or the old wire are connected to each other after laying in the cable loop.
Building compound
Asbestos is used, but a mixture of plaster and plaster can also be used. This option is often suitable for fixing the cable in the hole. The mixture fixes the wire at a certain pitch. This method can be used as a primary or auxiliary measure.
